In this study, multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), genetic algorithm, bees, and reinforcement learning (RL) are used to calculate the rise time (tr), integral square-error, integral of time-multiplied-squared-error, integral absolute error, and integral of time multiplied by absolute error of the system transfer function and then we use a fuzzy algorithm on MOPSO, GA, bees, and RL based on the frequency sensitivity margin of a water turbine governor to optimize the proportional gain (kp) and integral gain (ki) and calculate the relative collapsing frequency response values. The MOPSO algorithm returned the optimal result. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network curve is obtained from the MOPSO algorithm with three variables (i.e., kp, ki, kd = 0.6 and grid frequency deviations values), and finally we identify and predict three variable values near the RBF neural network curve through deep learning. The result of the grid frequency deviation is close to 0, and the gain response time is better for damping the frequency oscillations in different operating conditions.
Based on some useful frequency domain methods, this paper proposes a systematic procedure to address the limit cycle prediction
of a neural vehicle control system with adjustable parameters. A simple neurocontroller can be linearized by using describing
function method firstly. According to the classical method of parameter plane, the stability of linearized system with adjustable
parameters is then considered. In addition, gain margin and phase margin for limit cycle generation are also analyzed by adding
a gain-phase margin tester into open loop system. Computer simulations show the efficiency of this approach. 相似文献
Doping of interstitial elements B or C into a BCC-type Ti25V35Cr40 alloy to raise effective desorption hydrogenation capacity was investigated. Ti25V35Cr40Mx alloys (M = B or C and x = 0, 0.1, 1, or 5) were prepared by arc-melting followed by homogenization treatment. X-ray diffraction shows that the as-cast specimens have a BCC structure, but they contain some amount of precipitates that increases with the doping concentration of B and C. Doping-induced precipitates can be greatly eliminated by annealing treatment at 1200 °C, indicating that B or C might have been partially dissolved into the interstitial sites in the BCC lattice of matrix phase of specimens. With the doping of C, the second plateau pressure of annealed specimens in the PCI curves at T = 30 °C significantly increases with the amount of C, but the maximum hydrogenation capacity is reduced. On the other hand, the second plateau pressure and maximum hydrogenation capacity are only slightly affected by the B doping. Under optimum doping conditions, the effective hydrogen desorption capacities are increased from 0.80 H/M of the sample without doping to 0.86 H/M and 0.87 H/M for Ti25V35Cr40B1 and Ti25V35Cr40C0.1, respectively. The improvement might be ascribed to the increase in second plateau pressure caused by less stable hydrogen atoms at the lattice sites of Ti25V35Cr40 containing interstitial B or C. 相似文献
This paper numerically investigates the installation of the transverse rectangular cylinder along the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the flow channel for the cell performance enhancement of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The effects of the blockage at various gap sizes and the width of the cylinder on the cell performance enhancement have been studied with changing the gap ratios λ = 0.05–0.3, for the same cylinder) and the width-to-height ratios (WR = 0.66–1.66, for the same cylinder height and gap ratio). The results show that the transverse installation of a rectangular cylinder in the fuel flow channel effectively enhances the cell performance of a PEMFC. In addition, the influence of the width of the cylinder on the cell performance is obvious, and the best cell performance enhancement occurs at the gap ratio 0.2 among the gap ratios of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. 相似文献
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is adopted extensively as a low-cost diagnostic procedure to provide information concerning the healthy status of the heart. However, the QRS complex must be calculated accurately before proceeding with the heart rate variability (HRV). In particular, the R peak needs to be detected reliably. This study presents an adaptive fuzzy detector to detect the R peak correctly. Additionally, an ontological fuzzy agent is presented to process the collection of ECG signals. The required knowledge is stored in the ontology, which comprises some personal ontologies and predefined by domain experts. The ontological fuzzy agent retrieves the ECG signals with R peaks marked for HRV analysis and ECG further applications. It contains a personal fuzzy filter, an HRV analysis mechanism, and a fuzzy normed inference engine. Moreover, the ECG fuzzy signal space and some important properties are presented to define the working environment of the agent. An experimental platform has been constructed to test the performance of the agent. The results indicate that the proposed method can work effectively. 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary cytologic specimens reported as "suspicious for malignancy" pose problems in clinical management. Silver staining for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) has proved useful in making a cytopathologically differential diagnosis between benign and malignant cells. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of AgNOR score in the diagnosis of pulmonary cytologic specimens deemed inconclusive by conventional staining methods. METHODS: Pulmonary cytologic specimens initially reported as suspicious for malignancy with Papanicolaou or May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining obtained from 35 proved cases were destained then restained using the AgNOR technique. Another 35 cases with clear cytologic diagnosis were also examined for comparison. The median number of dots, defined as the AgNOR score, was used to differentiate malignant from benign specimens. RESULTS: Malignant cases had significantly higher AgNOR scores than benign ones (p<0.001). There were no significant differences among smears previously stained with Papanicolaou or MGG method, among specimens obtained via bronchoscopic brushing, fine-needle aspiration of lung or pleural effusion, or among subgroups of malignant diseases. Based on the results of our previous study, the cutoff value of the AgNOR score to differentiate benignancy from malignancy was set at 6. At this setting, the sensitivity and specificity of AgNOR score were 88% and 80%, respectively, in aiding a differential diagnosis of pulmonary cytologic specimens initially classified as suspicious for malignancy. For those cases with a clear cytologic diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of AgNOR score were 92% and 100%, respectively. For all cases, the sensitivity of AgNOR score was 90% and the specificity was also 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The AgNOR score is of value in aiding a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions in pulmonary specimens with equivocal cytologic features. 相似文献
Thermal degradation of poly(ether imide) (PEI) was studied by the combination of pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric analysis/mass spectrometry (TG/MS) techniques. The composition of evolved gases was determined
by Py-GC/MS and the real-time formation curves were obtained through TG/MS. The thermal degradation mechanisms of PEI were
resolved through TG/MS methods. The major pyrolysis mechanisms with the two-stage reaction regions were main chain random
scission and carbonization. In the first stage pyrolysis, the decomposition of the hydrolyzed-imide, ether and isopropylene
groups caused the evolution of CO2 and phenol as major products accompanied by a chain transfer of carbonization to form partially carbonized solid residue.
In the second stage pyrolysis, the decomposition of partially carbonized solid residue and the remaining imide group produced
CO2 as a major product along with benzene and small a amount of benzonitrile. Afterward, the chain transfer of carbonization
dominated the decomposition of solid residue in higher temperatures to produce a high char yield. A kinetic model was proposed
from the calculation of two flat regions in the activation energy curve. The theoretical pyrolysis curve from the proposed
model was calculated and compared with the experimental curve, which were quite well matched. 相似文献
Light-emitting diodes (LED) are used in many different applications. However, some LED defects are unavoidable in large-volume fabrication and taping processes. These defects may include missing components, incorrect orientations, inverse polarity, mouse bites, missing gold wires, and surface stains. Human visual inspection has traditionally been used in LED-packaging factories. However, it is subjective, time consuming, and lacking consistent inspection results. This paper proposes a machine vision system combining an automatic system-generated inspection regions (IR) method to inspect two types of LED surface-mounted devices (SMDs). Experimentation revealed that the proposed automatic inspection method could successfully detect defects with up to 95% accuracy for both types (Types 1 and 2) of SMD LEDs. The online inspecting speed was on average under 0.3?s per image. 相似文献
This paper accomplished a three-dimensional computational analysis of the methanol reformer with steam reforming by the Arrhenius form of reaction model and SIMPLE-C algorithm. The performance enhancement and non-isothermal reactant transport of the cylindrical reformer wrapped with a porous sheath were investigated. The parameters, including temperature of internal heater (TH), porosity (ε), and thickness of porous sheath (RP), on methanol conversion, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide productions, temperature and velocity fields with the same inlet conditions have been investigated. The results present that higher methanol conversion and richer hydrogen production occur as temperature of heater, porosity, and porous sheath thickness increase. As temperature of internal heater is equal to 250 °C, employing a porous sheath with ε = 0.9 and RP = 10 mm to wrap a reformer results in the maximum enhancements of 35.71% in methanol conversion and 21.18% in hydrogen production. Besides, a porous sheath with ε = 0.5 and RP = 10 mm leads to the maximum reduction of 2.23% in carbon monoxide produced from the reformer at TH = 300 °C. 相似文献